張惟越 | 共管樓宇，為何立家規（續）：業主的可與不可

公務如下：

1. 檢查樓宇的缺陷或調查洩露。
2. 針對共用資產與設備進行維護、修理、更新或升級樓宇的共用與公用管道、電線、電纜和管道。
3. 維護、修理、更新或升級共用資產與設備。
4. 根據分層管理法授予的權限下，執行任務，在共管樓宇範圍內採取任何合理的行動，或執行住戶條例或附加住戶條例。

其四，執行司法機關或官方機構的指令，並給與有律法權限的執行單位在樓宇範圍內進行公務；

其五，維修與保養其單位，這包括門窗，讓其單位處於良好的維修保養狀態，以及合理下的磨損與損耗，除了因火災，風暴，暴風雨及天災所引起的損壞。  業主對該單位對外但屬於單位私有位置進行清理，這包括門窗玻璃的外部清潔工作， 除非該部位或某個部位屬於業主無法安全抵達或無法抵達的位置，將由管理機構負責；

其六，維修與保養其單位，包括所有的衛生間與衛生設備，水，煤氣，電器配件，空調與其管道處於良好的狀態，以避免引發火患，爆炸或導致其它單位業主困擾，傷害或損傷。

其七，自費對其單位進行維修或修補，如果該損壞被排除在可收保範圍，並按照管理機構所規定的期限內進行並完成，如果單位業主未按照管理機構的指示進行維修，管理機構可對該損壞進行維修並由強制單位業主支付維修費用。

其八，其單位的使用行為不可有導致滋擾或危害其它單位業主或該單位的共同住戶的使用行為； 

其九，不可允許自己或其它使用者在該單位進行違法或違反相關官方機構的使用條款； 

其十，立即通知管理機構，如果該單位進行任何類似的房地產交易，包括轉讓產權，買賣，租賃或建立任何需要登記在地契裡的房地產關係與交易：與

其十一，使用或享受該樓宇的共同設備與共同資產時，以避免對其他業主導致干擾的，或無理的影響其他業主的使用權和享受方式。

以上就是律法對業主所設定的使用責任。 

接下來就是針對業主一般禁止的第九條例：業主的一般禁止 （General Prohibitions Of A Proprietor）。第九條例中的附屬裡頭共有三項業主禁止條款。

其一，不可對其單位進行任何影響該樓宇，或傷害，或破壞樓宇聲譽的違法或非法行為；

其二，不可在其單位，使用或燃燒可導致煙霧、煙霧、臭味的物質或者材料，或任何管理機構或業主年會所裁決不可使用的物質或材料；與

其三，不可高空拋物或允許物件墜落，任何廢棄物件或垃圾需透過樓宇的垃圾房或垃圾槽或樓宇範圍內的共用垃圾房或垃圾槽妥善處理。 

如果業主不遵守樓宇的住戶條例，或違法該樓宇的住戶條例，管理處是可以向違規的業主或住戶開罰單，並針對每一次的違規行為徵收不超過RM200罰款。  假設業主或住戶（包括租戶）噁心違規，屢屢挑戰樓宇的和諧，管理處唯有向仲裁庭申述並由仲裁官給與判決，或透過文書向建築專員（市議會）訴求協助。 

最後，住戶條例是其目的不是為了為難人，而是建立一把由衡量力，有約束力的尺，一種行為準則，用來約束我們的行為的戒尺。但是一味的行家法並無法改善犯規違規行為，它只會激發反抗的動力。所以我才經常說：“共管樓宇的生活，難在包容，貴在和諧”凡事打破砂鍋問到底，只會得了答案，傷了和氣，破壞和諧。

溫馨提醒你，共管樓宇不止是你的家，它同時也是有金融價值的資產，管理良好的樓宇，和諧的居住環境，將確保你的財產價值。  而大前提就是你得先了解什麼是共管樓宇生活，共同分享一個大屋簷的社區生活方式，因為它已經是大馬接近800萬都市人口的居住方案。

住屋條例保障業主共同利益，每一位業主與住戶在捍衛它的同時也需要教育街坊鄰居，這就是大家都不可妥協的大原則。如果沒有觸犯原則，該忍則忍，或左耳進右耳出，可大事化小，小事化無，但一旦碰觸到了原則性課題，就一定要堅持立場、維護原則，這樣當雙方瞭解了彼此之間的立場和原則後，就會自我調整，避免糾紛，減少矛盾。

茲附上律法英文原文，供讀者參考：

8.0  General duties of a proprietor

A proprietor shall-

• promptly pay to the management corporation the Charges and contribution to the sinking fund relating to his parcel, and all other money imposed by or payable to the management corporation under the Act;

• promptly pay all quit rent, local authority assessment and other charges and outgoings which are payable in respect of his parcel;

• permit the management corporation and its servants or agents, at all reasonable times and on reasonable notice being given (except in the case of emergency when no notice is required), to enter his parcel for the purposes of-

• investigating leakages or other building defects;

• maintaining, repairing, renewing or upgrading pipes, wires, cables and ducts used or capable of being used in connection with the enjoyment of any other parcel or the common property;

• maintaining, repairing, renewing or upgrading the common property; and

• executing any work or doing any act reasonably necessary for or in connection with the performance of its duties under the Act or the regulations made thereunder, or for or in connection with the enforcement of these by­ laws or additional by-laws affecting the development area;

• forthwith carry out all the work ordered by any competent public or statutory authority in respect of his parcel other than such work for the benefit of the building or common property;

• repair and maintain his parcel, including doors and windows and keep it in a state of good repair, reasonable wear and tear, damage by fire, storm, tempest or act of God excepted, and shall keep clean all exterior surfaces of glass in windows and doors on the boundary of his parcel which are not common property, unless the management corporation has resolved that it will keep clean the glass or specified part of the glass or the glass or part of the  glass that cannot be accessed safely or at all by the proprietor;

• maintain his parcel including all sanitary fittings, water, gas, electrical and air­ conditioning pipes and apparatus thereof in a good condition so as not to cause any fire or explosion, or any leakages to any other parcel or the common property or so as not to cause any annoyance to the proprietors of other parcels in the development area;

• forthwith repair and make good at his own cost and expense any damage to his parcel if such damage is excluded under any insurance policy effected by the management corporation and to carry out and complete such repair within any time period specified by the management corporation, failing which the management corporation may carry out such repair and the cost of so doing shall be charged to the proprietor and shall be payable on demand;

• not use or permit to be used his parcel in such a manner or for such a purpose as to cause nuisance or danger to any other proprietor or the families of such proprietor;

• not use or permit to be used his parcel contrary to the terms of use of the parcel shown in the plan approved by the relevant authority;

• notify the management corporation forthwith of any change in the proprietorship of his parcel or any dealings, charges, leases or creation of any interest, for entry in the strata roll; and

• use and enjoy the common property in such a manner so as not to interfere unreasonably with the use and enjoyment thereof by other proprietors.

9.0        General Prohibitions Of A Proprietor

A proprietor shall not-

• use his parcel for any purposes, illegal or otherwise, which may be injurious to the reputation of the development area;

• use as fuel any substance or material which may give rise to smoke or fumes or obnoxious smells or shall not use any substance which the management corporation in a general meeting shall decide; and

• throw or allow to fall, any refuse or rubbish of any description on the common property or any part thereof except in refuse bins maintained by him or in refuse chutes or in refuse bins in common refuse chambers provided in the building.