张惟越 | 共管楼宇，为何立家规（续）：业主的可与不可

公务如下：

1. 检查楼宇的缺陷或调查泄露。
2. 针对共用资产与设备进行维护、修理、更新或升级楼宇的共用与公用管道、电线、电缆和管道。
3. 维护、修理、更新或升级共用资产与设备。
4. 根据分层管理法授予的权限下，执行任务，在共管楼宇范围内采取任何合理的行动，或执行住户条例或附加住户条例。

其四，执行司法机关或官方机构的指令，并给与有律法权限的执行单位在楼宇范围内进行公务；

其五，维修与保养其单位，这包括门窗，让其单位处于良好的维修保养状态，以及合理下的磨损与损耗，除了因火灾，风暴，暴风雨及天灾所引起的损坏。  业主对该单位对外但属于单位私有位置进行清理，这包括门窗玻璃的外部清洁工作， 除非该部位或某个部位属于业主无法安全抵达或无法抵达的位置，将由管理机构负责；

其六，维修与保养其单位，包括所有的卫生间与卫生设备，水，煤气，电器配件，空调与其管道处于良好的状态，以避免引发火患，爆炸或导致其它单位业主困扰，伤害或损伤。

其七，自费对其单位进行维修或修补，如果该损坏被排除在可收保范围，并按照管理机构所规定的期限内进行并完成，如果单位业主未按照管理机构的指示进行维修，管理机构可对该损坏进行维修并由强制单位业主支付维修费用。

其八，其单位的使用行为不可有导致滋扰或危害其它单位业主或该单位的共同住户的使用行为； 

其九，不可允许自己或其它使用者在该单位进行违法或违反相关官方机构的使用条款； 

其十，立即通知管理机构，如果该单位进行任何类似的房地产交易，包括转让产权，买卖，租赁或建立任何需要登记在地契里的房地产关系与交易：与

其十一，使用或享受该楼宇的共同设备与共同资产时，以避免对其他业主导致干扰的，或无理的影响其他业主的使用权和享受方式。

以上就是律法对业主所设定的使用责任。 

接下来就是针对业主一般禁止的第九条例：业主的一般禁止 （General Prohibitions Of A Proprietor）。第九条例中的附属里头共有三项业主禁止条款。

其一，不可对其单位进行任何影响该楼宇，或伤害，或破坏楼宇声誉的违法或非法行为；

其二，不可在其单位，使用或燃烧可导致烟雾、烟雾、臭味的物质或者材料，或任何管理机构或业主年会所裁决不可使用的物质或材料；与

其三，不可高空抛物或允许物件坠落，任何废弃物件或垃圾需透过楼宇的垃圾房或垃圾槽或楼宇范围内的共用垃圾房或垃圾槽妥善处理。 

如果业主不遵守楼宇的住户条例，或违法该楼宇的住户条例，管理处是可以向违规的业主或住户开罚单，并针对每一次的违规行为征收不超过RM200罚款。  假设业主或住户（包括租户）恶心违规，屡屡挑战楼宇的和谐，管理处唯有向仲裁庭申述并由仲裁官给与判决，或透过文书向建筑专员（市议会）诉求协助。 

最后，住户条例是其目的不是为了为难人，而是建立一把由衡量力，有约束力的尺，一种行为准则，用来约束我们的行为的戒尺。但是一味的行家法并无法改善犯规违规行为，它只会激发反抗的动力。所以我才经常说：“共管楼宇的生活，难在包容，贵在和谐”凡事打破砂锅问到底，只会得了答案，伤了和气，破坏和谐。

温馨提醒你，共管楼宇不止是你的家，它同时也是有金融价值的资产，管理良好的楼宇，和谐的居住环境，将确保你的财产价值。  而大前提就是你得先了解什么是共管楼宇生活，共同分享一个大屋檐的社区生活方式，因为它已经是大马接近800万都市人口的居住方案。

住屋条例保障业主共同利益，每一位业主与住户在捍卫它的同时也需要教育街坊邻居，这就是大家都不可妥协的大原则。如果没有触犯原则，该忍则忍，或左耳进右耳出，可大事化小，小事化无，但一旦碰触到了原则性课题，就一定要坚持立场、维护原则，这样当双方了解了彼此之间的立场和原则后，就会自我调整，避免纠纷，减少矛盾。

兹附上律法英文原文，供读者参考：

8.0  General duties of a proprietor

A proprietor shall-

• promptly pay to the management corporation the Charges and contribution to the sinking fund relating to his parcel, and all other money imposed by or payable to the management corporation under the Act;

• promptly pay all quit rent, local authority assessment and other charges and outgoings which are payable in respect of his parcel;

• permit the management corporation and its servants or agents, at all reasonable times and on reasonable notice being given (except in the case of emergency when no notice is required), to enter his parcel for the purposes of-

• investigating leakages or other building defects;

• maintaining, repairing, renewing or upgrading pipes, wires, cables and ducts used or capable of being used in connection with the enjoyment of any other parcel or the common property;

• maintaining, repairing, renewing or upgrading the common property; and

• executing any work or doing any act reasonably necessary for or in connection with the performance of its duties under the Act or the regulations made thereunder, or for or in connection with the enforcement of these by­ laws or additional by-laws affecting the development area;

• forthwith carry out all the work ordered by any competent public or statutory authority in respect of his parcel other than such work for the benefit of the building or common property;

• repair and maintain his parcel, including doors and windows and keep it in a state of good repair, reasonable wear and tear, damage by fire, storm, tempest or act of God excepted, and shall keep clean all exterior surfaces of glass in windows and doors on the boundary of his parcel which are not common property, unless the management corporation has resolved that it will keep clean the glass or specified part of the glass or the glass or part of the  glass that cannot be accessed safely or at all by the proprietor;

• maintain his parcel including all sanitary fittings, water, gas, electrical and air­ conditioning pipes and apparatus thereof in a good condition so as not to cause any fire or explosion, or any leakages to any other parcel or the common property or so as not to cause any annoyance to the proprietors of other parcels in the development area;

• forthwith repair and make good at his own cost and expense any damage to his parcel if such damage is excluded under any insurance policy effected by the management corporation and to carry out and complete such repair within any time period specified by the management corporation, failing which the management corporation may carry out such repair and the cost of so doing shall be charged to the proprietor and shall be payable on demand;

• not use or permit to be used his parcel in such a manner or for such a purpose as to cause nuisance or danger to any other proprietor or the families of such proprietor;

• not use or permit to be used his parcel contrary to the terms of use of the parcel shown in the plan approved by the relevant authority;

• notify the management corporation forthwith of any change in the proprietorship of his parcel or any dealings, charges, leases or creation of any interest, for entry in the strata roll; and

• use and enjoy the common property in such a manner so as not to interfere unreasonably with the use and enjoyment thereof by other proprietors.

9.0        General Prohibitions Of A Proprietor

A proprietor shall not-

• use his parcel for any purposes, illegal or otherwise, which may be injurious to the reputation of the development area;

• use as fuel any substance or material which may give rise to smoke or fumes or obnoxious smells or shall not use any substance which the management corporation in a general meeting shall decide; and

• throw or allow to fall, any refuse or rubbish of any description on the common property or any part thereof except in refuse bins maintained by him or in refuse chutes or in refuse bins in common refuse chambers provided in the building.